Table 3 Eight-hour studies with glucagon-like peptide 1. Effects of vehicle or 0.63 μg/kg subcutaneous GLP-1 and usual insulin at breakfast and lunch in paired studies in 9 volunteers with type 1 diabetes with no endogenous insulin secretion. Time-averaged incremental values (area under the curve divided by time) for plasma glucose through eight hours and for plasma pancreatic polypeptide from 0 to 30 min for both meals (HPP), and mean values for incremental plasma glucagon through 60 min for both meals, mean ± SE.