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Table 4 Cox Regression Analysis

From: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome after renal transplantation in the United States

Factor

      

N with valid

Followup times

39,628

 

24,316

 

39,628

 
 

Time to diabetic

ketoacidosis

Time to de novo

diabetic ketoacidosisA

Time to hyperglycemic

hyperosmolar syndromeB

 

P value

Adjusted HR

(95% CI)

P value

Adjusted HR

(95% CI)

P value

Adjusted HR

(95% CI)

African American (all other races)

<0.0001

2.00 (1.63–2.48)

<0.0001

3.41 (1.99–5.84)

 

4.87 (3.18–7.45)

Graft lossB (Absent)

<0.0001

1.63 (1.25–2.12)

    

Cadaveric Donor (living donor)

  

0.027

2.14 (1.09–4.19)

  

Quartiles of Age (vs. >55 years)

      

<33

<0.0001

6.64 (4.59–9.61)

    

33–44

<0.0001

4.75 (3.31–6.79)

 

2.13 (1.34–3.37)

  

45–55

<0.0001

2.16 (1.47–3.17)

    

Diabetes at listing (vs. absent)

 

10.06 (7.60–13.30)

Excluded

 

0.0015

2.15 (1.34–3.46)

BMI <21.6 vs. >28.3 kg/m2

<0.0001

1.94 (1.44–2.62)

 

2.33 (1.09–5.00)

  

Recipient HCV Positive (Yes/No)

    

0.01

2.16 (1.20–3.89)

Year of Transplant

<0.0001

1.49 (1.33–1.67)

 

1.49 (1.25–1.78)

0.001

1.73 (1.17–2.56)

Pretransplant dialysis (Yes/No)

<0.0001

2.11 (1.42–3.12)

    

Cause of ESRD (vs. all others)

      

Diabetes

<0.0001

10.59 (8.52–13.18)

Excluded

   

Maintenance Medications

      

Tacrolimus (vs. Cyclosporine)

  

0.019

2.20 (1.13–4.24)

  

Interaction Terms

      

Tacrolimus*Cadaver Donor

0.02

2.27 (1.17–4.41)

    

Tacrolimus*Year of Transplant

  

0.03

0.70 (0.50–0.97)

  
  1. Data given as the number (% of total) mean ± one standard deviation HR = hazard ratios, diabetic ketoacidosis = hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis, defined as ICD9 code 250.1x hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome = hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (non-ketotic hyperosmolor coma), defined as ICD9 code 250.2x Due to the less frequent occurrence of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome was not analyzed separately in patients without a prior history of diabetes mellitus (de novo hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome). * = p < 0.01 vs. all other recipients by Chi Square Test vs. recipients without diabetic ketoacidosis A = followup time truncated at three years post transplant ESRD = end-stage renal disease B = time-dependent variable