Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome after renal transplantation in the United States

BMC Endocrine Disorders

Table 1 Rates of Diabetic Ketoacidosis

By Total Hospitalizations
	Diabetic ketoacidosis	No diabetic ketoacidosis	Mean followup (years)	Rate per 1000 PY
Diabetes at listing^A "Recurrent"	505	7733	1.80 ± 1.11	33.22
No Diabetes at listing "De novo"	84	24,232	1.76 ± 1.07	1.96
By Recipients Hospitalized ^B
Diabetes at listing^A "Recurrent"	244	7733	1.80 ± 1.11	16.99
No Diabetes at listing "De novo"	75	24,232	1.76 ± 1.07	1.75

Numbers and rates (per 1000 person years (PY) of followup) for renal transplant recipients in the US, 1 July 1994–30 June 1998, limited to patients with valid information for diabetes as a comorbidity at the time of listing for renal transplantation (^A). 23.3% of patients had unknown or missing values for this variable. Factors associated with missing values for this variable are given in the results section. diabetic ketoacidosis=Primary Hospital Discharge Diagnosis for diabetic ketoacidosis during the study period ^ADiabetes as a comorbid condition at the time of listing for transplant. ^B No duplicate hospitalizations, only one hospitalization per patient "Recurrent" refers to hospitalized diabetic ketoacidosis occurring in patients with a known prior diagnosis of diabetes as a comorbid condition. We did not use diabetes as a cause of renal failure to make this distinction, since that would most likely underestimate renal transplant recipients who actually had diabetes. "De novo" refers to hospitalized diabetic ketoacidosis occurring in patients WITHOUT a known prior diagnosis of diabetes as a comorbid condition. Patients with medication induced diabetic ketoacidosis of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome would fall into this category.

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