Table 1 Clinical characteristics and C-peptide stimulated secretion of the 3 study groups

Women, n (%)

17 (51.5%)

9 (30%)

11 (34.4%)

0.166

0.715

Age, years

46.9 (10.6)

53.7 (12.9)

49.6 (10.6)

0.170

0.260

Disease duration, months^c

31 [12–56]

31 (10 – 83)

38.5 [13.5 – 59]

0.618

0.897

BMI, kg/m²

24.7 (4.2)

30.1 (5.5)

27.9 (4.8)

0.004

0.110

Fasting glucose, mmol/l

9.0 (3.49)

7.44 (1.92)

8.84 (3.45)

0.929

0.147

HbA1c, %

7.5 (1.4)

6.9 (1.0)

8.3 (2.4)

0.265

0.012

HbA1c, mmol/mol

58.4 (15.5)

52.2 (11.4)

67.6 (26.7)

Insulin treatment, n (%)

33 (100%)

8 (26.7%)

20 (62.5%)

<0.001

0.005

Sulphonylurea treatment, n (%)

-

8 (20%)

5 (15.6%)

-

0.652

Categories, n

0.867

0.765

6 – 18 m

10

10

10

19 m – 5 years

12

10

10

5 – 10 years

11

10

12

AUC C-peptide, nmol/l^d

41.3 (46.4)

275.5 (121.2)

140.8 (102.2)

<0.001

<0.001

19.2 (16.8 – 54.9)

245.1 (182.6 – 370.8)

112.1 (54.6 – 231.2)

Peak C-peptide, nmol/l^c,d

0.45 (0.50)

3.01 (1.29)

1.50 (1.05)

<0.001

<0.001

0.16 (0.16 – 0.60)

2.54 (2.18 – 3.67)

1.44 (0.68 – 2.32)