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Table 4 Logistic regression for middle and highest tertile serum concentrations compared to the lowest tertile for brominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and perfluorinated compounds

From: Exploring the potential association between brominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, phthalates, and bisphenol a in polycystic ovary syndrome: a case–control study

   

Unadjusted concentrations

   

Lipid-adjusted concentrations

Agent

N Case

N Control

Tertile

OR

95% C.I.

p

Adj ORa

Exact 95% C.I

Exact p

N Case

N Control

OR

95% C.I.

p

Adj ORa

Exact 95% C.I

Exact p

Brominated Diphenyl Ethers

                 

2,4,4′-tribromodiphenyl ether (PBDE28)

15

19

Middle

0.79

0.30-2.05

 

0.54

0.14-1.90

 

19

16

1.32

0.51-3.41

 

1.04

0.29-3.68

 

20

14

Highest

1.43

0.55-3.72

 

0.95

0.27-3.31

 

15

18

1.00

0.38-2.68

 

0.69

0.17-2.64

 

2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE47)

17

17

Middle

1.00

0.39-2.59

 

0.67

0.18-2.30

 

16

18

0.79

0.30-2.05

 

0.65

0.17-2.38

 

18

16

Highest

1.12

0.43-2.91

 

0.70

0.21-2.76

 

18

16

1.00

0.39-2.59

 

0.73

0.20-2.60

 

2,2′,4.4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE99)

18

15

Middle

1.27

0.49-3.29

 

1.04

0.30-3.52

 

17

17

0.89

0.34-2.30

 

1.21

0.36-4.26

 

17

17

Highest

1.06

0.41-2.72

 

0.70

0.20-2.37

 

17

17

0.89

0.34-2.30

 

0.63

0.18-2.16

 

2,2′,4,4′,6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE100)

18

16

Middle

1.00

0.39-2.59

 

0.68

0.18-2.38

 

20

14

1.43

0.55-3.72

 

0.90

0.25-3.14

 

16

18

Highest

0.79

0.31-2.05

 

0.65

0.17-2.40

 

15

19

0.79

0.30-2.05

 

0.66

0.17-2.50

 

2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromobiphenyl ether (BB153)

23

13

Middle

1.24

0.47-3.25

 

1.26

0.35-4.60

 

17

12

0.85

0.32-2.26

 

1.10

0.30-4.14

 

9

23

Highest

0.27

0.10-0.77

0.01

0.31

0.04-2.15

 

10

23

0.26

0.10-0.69

0.01

0.49

0.08-2.90

 

2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE153)

19

16

Middle

1.06

0.41-2.72

 

1.29

0.39-4.45

 

17

17

0.70

0.27-1.83

 

1.03

0.30-3.65

 

15

18

Highest

0.74

0.28-1.94

 

1.11

0.31-4.04

 

15

19

0.55

0.21-1.44

 

1.01

0.27-3.94

 

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

                 

2,2′,4,4′,5-pentaCB (PCB99)

18

16

Middle

0.70

0.27-1.83

 

2.12

0.55-9.07

 

16

22

0.31

0.11-0.86

0.024

0.94

0.23-3.41

 
 

13

21

Highest

0.38

0.14-1.02

0.055

1.10

0.27-4.65

 

15

19

0.34

0.12-0.95

0.040

0.86

0.23-3.84

 

2,3,3′,4,4′-pentaCB (PCB105)

19

15

Middle

1.00

0.38-2.60

 

1.19

0.34-4.26

 

16

16

0.86

0.34-2.19

 

0.92

0.27-3.14

 
 

14

20

Highest

0.55

0.21-1.45

 

0.79

0.22-2.83

 

15

16

0.80

0.31-2.07

 

1.16

0.34-4.09

 

2,3′,4,4′,5-pentaCB (PCB118)

17

17

Middle

0.89

0.34-2.30

 

1.68

0.46-6.57

 

20

14

1.27

0.49-3.31

 

2.06

0.59-7.89

 
 

17

17

Highest

0.89

0.34-2.30

 

2.18

0.56-9.22

 

14

20

0.62

0.24-1.62

 

1.21

0.31-4.88

 

2,2′,3,4′,5,5′-hexaCB (PCB146)

17

13

Middle

1.12

0.43-2.92

 

4.01

0.98-19.44

0.055

15

12

0.98

0.37-2.60

 

3.33

0.81-15.86

 

14

19

Highest

0.63

0.25-1.61

 

2.91

0.68-14.15

 

14

20

0.55

0.22-1.38

 

2.40

0.60-10.83

 

2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexaCB (PCB153)

22

12

Middle

1.83

0.69-4.85

 

5.79

1.41-28.11

0.011

17

17

0.48

0.18-1.28

 

1.88

0.47-8.21

 

13

21

Highest

0.62

0.24-1.62

 

4.20

0.81-24.95

 

12

22

0.26

0.09-0.71

0.009

1.42

0.27-7.89

 

2,3,3′,4,4′,5-hexaCB (PCB156)

21

14

Middle

1.33

0.51-3.46

 

3.40

0.91-14.21

 

20

14

1.05

0.40-2.78

 

2.25

0.62-8.79

 
 

13

20

Highest

0.58

0.22-1.52

 

4.50

0.76-31.05

 

13

22

0.44

0.16-1.15

 

2.58

0.45-16.22

 

2,2′,3,4,4′,5′-hexaCB and 2,3,3′,4,4′,6-hexaCB (PCB138-158)

20

14

Middle

1.13

0.43-2.95

 

2.73

0.72-11.33

 

18

18

0.60

0.23-1.58

 

1.57

0.43-6.11

 

13

21

Highest

0.49

0.18-1.29

 

2.48

0.50-13.49

 

14

20

0.42

0.16-1.13

 

1.70

0.39-7.90

 

2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5-heptaCB (PCB170)

24

10

Middle

2.70

0.99-7.33

0.051

6.88

1.71-32.96

0.003

20

13

1.30

0.49-3.40

 

5.13

1.24-25.16

0.020

12

22

Highest

0.61

0.23-1.62

 

4.04

0.64-29.31

 

13

21

0.52

0.20-1.36

 

4.97

0.78-37.25

 

2,2′,3,4,4′,5,5′-heptaCB (PCB180)

11

23

Middle

2.35

0.88-6.30

 

6.42

1.60-30.52

0.005

19

14

1.02

0.39-2.66

 

4.48

1.08-21.73

0.037

21

13

Highest

0.70

0.27-1.83

 

5.21

0.88-36.37

 

13

21

0.46

0.18-1.22

 

5.93

0.88-48.77

0.073

2,2′,3,4,4′,5′,6-heptaCB (PCB183)

22

12

Middle

1.83

0.69-4.85

 

4.21

1.11-18.26

0.017

21

12

1.65

0.63-4.36

 

3.49

0.94-14.53

0.065

13

21

Highest

0.62

0.24-1.62

 

3.55

0.67-21.68

 

13

21

0.59

0.22-1.52

 

2.94

0.59-16.46

 

2,2′,3,4′,5,5′,6-heptaCB (PCB187)

20

14

Middle

1.27

0.49-3.31

 

2.99

1.35-18.96

 

23

17

1.11

0.43-2.87

 

3.07

0.81-13.00

 

14

20

Highest

0.62

0.24-1.62

 

3.26

0.80-12.47

 

12

19

0.52

0.19-1.43

 

3.68

0.71-21.89

 

2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-octaCB (PCB194)

17

11

Middle

1.26

0.47-3.37

 

3.64

0.93-16.27

0.060

19

10

1.55

0.58-4.17

 

3.85

1.00-17.04

0.051

13

21

Highest

0.51

0.20-1.29

 

3.45

0.61-22.50

 

11

22

0.41

0.16-1.06

 

2.86

0.48-19.26

 

2,2′,3,3′,4,5,6,6′-octaCB (PCB199)

20

13

Middle

1.23

0.47-3.21

 

3.04

0.83-12.59

 

19

11

1.43

0.54-3.72

 

3.89

1.00-16.80

0.054

12

21

Highest

0.46

0.17-1.20

 

2.04

0.43-10.71

 

11

21

0.43

0.16-1.12

 

2.31

0.48-12.61

 

2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5′,6-octaCB and 2,2′,3, 4, 4′,5,5′,6-octaCB (PCB196-203)

23

11

Middle

2.09

0.78-5.59

 

7.50

1.72-40.29

0.004

22

13

1.41

0.53-3.72

 

4.19

1.07-19.09

0.038

12

22

Highest

0.54

0.21-1.44

 

4.67

0.78-33.23

 

12

22

0.45

0.17-1.21

 

3.28

0.56-21.38

 

Persistent Pesticides

                 

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)

18

15

Middle

1.27

0.49-3.30

 

3.55

0.90-16.35

 

15

17

0.63

0.24-1.64

 

1.06

0.29-3.99

 
 

17

17

Highest

1.06

0.41-2.72

 

2.46

0.64-10.29

 

16

18

0.63

0.25-1.63

 

1.58

0.43-6.38

 

β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (B-HCCH)

20

15

Middle

2.05

0.78-5.39

 

3.87

0.96-18.35

 

22

11

2.02

0.75-5.42

 

3.79

0.98-17.20

 

16

18

Highest

1.13

0.43-2.93

 

2.71

0.72-11.36

 

13

20

0.74

0.29-1.92

 

2.13

0.57-8.63

 

Oxychlordane

18

16

Middle

0.89

0.34-2.31

 

2.16

0.59-8.60

 

19

14

1.00

0.37-2.65

 

3.21

0.81-14.64

 
 

15

19

Highest

0.62

0.24-1.62

 

2.61

0.55-14.25

 

14

20

0.52

0.20-1.36

 

2.21

0.47-11.56

 

Trans-Nonachlor

18

16

Middle

1.00

0.39-2.59

 

2.19

0.60-8.67

 

18

16

0.89

0.34-2.31

 

2.17

0.58-8.80

 
 

16

18

Highest

0.79

0.30-2.05

 

3.16

0.64-18.15

 

15

19

0.62

0.24-1.62

 

1.95

0.43-9.67

 

2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,

21

13

Middle

1.61

0.62-4.24

 

2.35

0.67-8.74

 

21

13

1.44

0.55-3.77

 

2.93

0.78-12.30

 

1–dichloroethene (DDE)

14

20

Highest

0.70

0.27-1.82

 

1.15

0.31-4.37

 

13

21

0.55

0.21-1.44

 

1.14

0.30-4.44

 

2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl-1, 1,

13

20

Middle

0.52

0.20-1.36

 

0.45

0.12-1.62

 

15

18

0.62

0.24-1.63

 

0.79

0.22-2.79

 

1-trichloroethane (DDT)

19

14

Highest

1.09

0.42-2.82

 

1.29

0.35-4.84

 

17

16

0.80

0.31-2.07

 

1.02

0.30-3.52

 

Perfluorinated compounds

                 

PFOA

15

18

Middle

2.32

0.83-6.45

 

1.65

0.45-6.14

         

Perfluorooctanoate

28

7

Highest

11.11

3.61-34.24

0.000

6.93

1.79-29.92

0.003

        

PFOS

19

13

Middle

3.80

1.38-10.48

0.010

3.43

0.95-13.31

0.062

        

Perfluorooctane sulfonate

23

11

Highest

5.44

1.95-15.13

0.001

5.79

1.58-24.12

0.005

        

PFHxS

16

12

Middle

2.00

0.75-5.33

 

0.85

0.20-3.31

         

Perfluorohexane sulfonate

20

14

Highest

2.14

0.84-5.44

 

1.20

0.35-4.07

         

PFNA

17

13

Middle

2.15

0.80-5.73

 

1.13

0.37-4.49

         

Perfluorononanoate

21

14

Highest

2.46

0.95-6.36

 

2.25

0.67-8.00

         
  1. aControlling for age, BMI, and race.
  2. Bold font highlights, for any individual agent, middle or highest tertile serum concentrations that are significantly different than the lowest tertile concentration.