Table 1 Characteristics of the studied subjects by gender

Age (year)^†

51.0 (45.4 - 56.0)

52 (48–57)

< 0.0001

Height (cm)

152.2 ± 5.0

162.0 ± 5.3

< 0.0001

Weight (kg)

49.7 ± 7.0

56.1 ± 8.1

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

21.4 ± 2.6

21.4 ± 2.7

0.661

Body fat (%)

30.2 ± 4.6

22.1 ± 5.4

< 0.0001

WC (cm)^†

73 (68–78)

76.8 (70.5 - 82.5)

< 0.0001

HC (cm)^†

87.6 (84–91)

89 (85–92)

< 0.0001

WHR†

0.83 (0.79 - 0.87)

0.86 (0.82 - 0.90)

< 0.0001

SBP (mmHg)^†

110 (100–125)

120 (110–130)

< 0.0001

DBP (mmHg)^†

70 (60–80)

77.5 (70–80)

< 0.0001

Fasting plasma glucose^†

4.6 (4.0 - 5.2)

4.7 (4.2 - 5.3)

0.003

Total cholesterol^†

4.3 (3.9 - 4.9)

4.28 (3.9 - 4.94)

0.966

HDL-C^†

1.23 (0.98 - 1.59)

1.20 (0.97 - 1.61)

0.511

LDL-C^†

2.86 (2.37 - 3.42)

2.86 (2.35 - 3.43)

0.712

Triglycerides^†

1.40 (1.01 - 2.10)

1.49 (1.01 - 2.26)

0.078