Depression, smoking, physical inactivity and season independently associated with midnight salivary cortisol in type 1 diabetes

Table 4 Associations with high midnight salivary cortisol (MSC) for 181 patients with type 1 diabetes

		High midnight salivary cortisol (≥9.3 nmol/L)
		COR (95% CI)	P¹	AOR (95% CI)	P²
Smoking		5.5 (1.9–16.1)	0.002	5.5 (1.6–18.5)	0.006
Age (per year)		1.06 (1.02–1.10)	0.002	1.08 (1.03–1.13)	0.001
Season
Spring		4.2 (1.5–11.9)	0.007	4.3 (1.4–13.7)	0.013
Summer		2.7 (0.9–8.7)	0.09	3.4 (0.9–13.0)	0.07
Autumn/winter (reference)		1		1
Physical inactivity		3.0 (1.1–8.3)	0.036	3.9 (1.1–13.4)	0.032
Depression		4.9 (1.9–13.1)	0.001	3.1 (1.0–9.2)	0.047
Women		1.2 (0.6–2.6)	0.66	2.2 (0.9–5.2)	0.089
Antidepressants		2.3 (0.7–7.8)	0.20	-	0.76
Inhaled steroids		0.3 (0.04–2.5)	0.28	-	-
Diabetes duration		1.01 (0.98–1.04)	0.40	-	-
HbA1c	mmol/mol (per unit)	1.01 (0.98–1.04)	0.57	-	-
HbA1c	% (per unit)	1.10 (0.80–1.51)	0.57	-	-
Abdominal obesity, men		0.7 (0.1–6.2)	0.76	-	-
Abdominal obesity, women		0.9 (0.3–3.3)	0.92	-	-

Missing lifestyle variables for 15 persons (smoking and/or physical inactivity). ¹Simple logistic regression. ²Multiple logistic regression analysis (Backward: Wald). Nagelkerke R Square = 0.311.