Table 1 Characteristics of the studies and interventions
| Â | Number (N)* | Percentage (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics of the studies (n = 37) |  |  | |
Country where the intervention took place | Â | Â | |
| Â | United States | 34 | 92 |
| Â | United Kingdom | 2 | 5 |
| Â | Netherland | 1 | 3 |
Design | Â | Â | |
| Â | Randomized controlled trial | 27 | 73 |
| Â | Quasi-experimental | 10 | 27 |
Years of publication | Â | Â | |
| Â | Before 2001 | 6 | 16 |
| Â | 2001-2006 | 16 | 43 |
| Â | 2007-2012 | 15 | 41 |
Risk of bias | Â | Â | |
| Â | Low | 8 | 22 |
| Â | Moderate | 16 | 43 |
| Â | High | 13 | 35 |
Number of participants | 159 (117)†| 7-529‡ | |
Characteristics of the interventions (n = 39) |  |  | |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | |
| Â | African American | 13 | 33 |
| Â | Latinos | 16 | 41 |
| Â | Asiatic | 2 | 5 |
| Â | Alaskan-Eskimos | 1 | 2 |
| Â | Multiethnic group | 7 | 18 |
Place where intervention took place | Â | Â | |
| Â | General Practice | 16 | 44 |
| Â | Community Center | 12 | 33 |
| Â | Home | 3 | 8 |
| Â | Hospital | 1 | 3 |
| Â | Other | 4 | 11 |
Setting | Â | Â | |
| Â | One-on-one | 13 | 33 |
| Â | Group | 17 | 44 |
| Â | Both | 9 | 23 |
Family invited to take part in the intervention | Â | Â | |
| Â | Yes | 12 | 31 |
| Â | No | 27 | 69 |
Delivery | Â | Â | |
| Â | Face-to-face | 27 | 69 |
| Â | Telecommunication | 5 | 13 |
| Â | Both | 7 | 18 |
Number of teaching methods | Â | Â | |
| Â | 1 | 7 | 18 |
| Â | 2 | 24 | 62 |
| Â | 3 or more | 8 | 26 |
Teaching method* | Â | Â | |
| Â | Didactic | 32 | 82 |
| Â | Goal-setting, dictated | 8 | 21 |
| Â | Goal-setting, negotiated | 10 | 26 |
| Â | Situational problem solving | 23 | 59 |
| Â | Cognitive reframing | 7 | 18 |
| Â | Other | 2 | 5 |
Number of educational contents | Â | Â | |
| Â | One | 7 | 18 |
| Â | Two | 5 | 13 |
| Â | Three | 5 | 13 |
| Â | Four of more | 22 | 56 |
Educational Content | Â | Â | |
| Â | Diet | 33 | 85 |
| Â | Exercise | 24 | 65 |
| Â | Self-monitored blood glucose | 23 | 59 |
| Â | Basic diabetes knowledge | 21 | 54 |
| Â | Medication adherence | 11 | 28 |
| Â | Psycho-social | 19 | 49 |
| Â | Other | 11 | 28 |
Number of educators | Â | Â | |
| Â | One | 18 | 46 |
| Â | Two | 14 | 36 |
| Â | Three or more | 4 | 10 |
Educators | Â | Â | |
| Â | Nurse | 15 | 39 |
| Â | Dietitian | 21 | 54 |
| Â | Psychologist | 2 | 5 |
| Â | Physician | 2 | 5 |
| Â | Research team or staff | 4 | 10 |
| Â | Other | 16 | 41 |
| Â | Unclear/unspecified | 2 | 5 |
Peer provider | Â | Â | |
| Â | Yes | 12 | 31 |
| Â | No | 26 | 67 |
Culturally adapted | Â | Â | |
| Â | Yes | 33 | 85 |
| Â | No | 4 | 10 |
| Â | Unclear/unspecified | 2 | 5 |
Length of the interventions (months) | 8.2 (8.4)†| 0.25-48‡ | |
Length of the interventions (number of sessions) | 13.1 (13.6)†| 1-52‡ | |
Length of the sessions (minutes) | 90 (52.9)†| 14-240‡ | |
Length of the interventions (total hours of intervention) | 23.3 (36.7)†| 0.25-180‡ | |
Intensity (total hours of intervention per month) | 4.9 (6.9)†| 0.2-36‡ | |