Hypoglycaemic events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom: associations with patient-reported outcomes and self-reported HbA1c

Table 3 Bivariate health outcome differences between patients reporting hypoglycaemia and patients not experiencing hypoglycaemia

	Hypoglycaemia (n = 365)		No hypoglycaemia (n = 964)
	n/mean	%/SD	n/mean	%/SD	p-value
HbA1c (n =139 & 254)	7.51	1.60	7.11	1.39	0.0095
EQ-5D Index (n = 360 & 953)	0.56	0.39	0.69	0.34	<0.0001
Work and activity impairment
Overall work impairment (n = 141 & 270)	35.3%	35.8%	16.6%	25.6%	<0.0001
Activity impairment	44.5%	32.8%	32.0%	31.7%	<0.0001
Treatment satisfaction	0.67	0.17	0.75	0.18	<0.0001
Adherence to treatment
Oral medications (n = 316 & 911)	0.81	1.01	0.69	0.94	0.0573
Insulin (n = 131 & 170)	0.95	1.25	0.60	0.96	0.0076
Diabetes-related healthcare resource use
4-week PCP visits	0.73	1.05	0.38	0.66	<0.0001
4-week total visits	1.82	2.50	0.92	1.51	<0.0001
4-week hospitalizations	0.16	0.52	0.06	0.31	0.0006
Hypoglycaemia fear
Worry	15.60	12.51	6.53	9.24	<0.0001
Behaviour	17.81	15.39	6.58	10.95	<0.0001
Total	33.40	25.46	13.11	18.46	<0.0001

Note: When fewer than the full sample are included in a comparison, sample sizes are indicated in parentheses for those experiencing hypoglycaemia and not experiencing hypoglycaemia in the four weeks prior to the survey, respectively. Lower HbA1c is associated with better outcomes and fewer complications. Higher EQ-5D scores indicate more preferred health status, with 1.0 equivalent to perfect health. Work impairment and activity impairment ranged from 0 to 100%, with lower numbers indicating less impairment. Treatment satisfaction ranges from 0 to 1.0, with higher numbers indicating grater satisfaction. Adherence to treatment ranges from 0 to 4, with higher numbers indicating less adherence. Hypoglycemia fear ranges from 0 to 72 for Worry, 0 to 60 for behaviour, and 0 to 132 for the total score, with higher scores indicating more fear of hypoglycaemia.

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