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Table 4 Clinical characteristics for patients with extremely low 25(OH)D results a

From: Analysis of vitamin D status at two academic medical centers and a national reference laboratory: result patterns vary by age, gender, season, and patient location

 

Number of patients

Clinical characteristics

UIHC

WCMC

Decreased production or intake of vitamin D

  

  Severe malnutrition

6

-b

  Skin damage (e.g., burns)

0

0

Malabsorption of vitamin D or deficient 25-hydroxylation

  

  Liver failure and/or biliary tract dysfunction

26

1

  Other disorder with lipid malabsorption

25

0

Increased loss of 25(OH)D

  

  Nephrotic syndrome

5

1

  Renal failure

23

2

Increased catabolism or 1α-hydroxylation of 25(OH)D

  

  Liver-enzyme inducing medications

7

0

  Hyperthyroidism

0

0

  Granulomatous disease

4

0

Other conditions possibly linked to 25(OH)D deficiency

  

  Morbid obesity and/or status post bariatric surgery

23

4

  Systemic lupus erythematosus without lupus nephritis

8

0

  Systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis

4

0

Unknown/Other

51

3

  Perinatally acquired HIV; now in adolescence or adulthood

0

2

  Primary hyperparathyroidism

3

0

  1. aThresholds for Deficiency Chart review were: UIHC, 25(OH)D immunoassay results of <5 ng/mL; WCMC, 25(OH)D LC-MS/MS results where both D2 and D3 were <4 ng/mL.
  2. bAt WCMC, six of the cases noted signs of malnourishment and/or documented poor appetite. These cases are categorized, however, under the primary causative Clinical Characteristics to eliminate duplication.