From: Iodine nutritional status and risk factors for goitre among schoolchildren in South Tajikistan
 | Goitre | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Bivariate modela | Multivariable modelb | ||||
Explanatory variables | OR | (95% CI) | P-valuec | OR | 95% CI | P-valuec |
Demography | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Sex |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Male | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Female | 1.16 | (0.84, 1.60) | 0.370 |  |  |  |
  Age (years) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  7-8 | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  9 | 1.11 | (0.73, 1.71) |  |  |  |  |
  10-11 | 1.32 | (0.83, 2.09) | 0.462 |  |  |  |
Location of school | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  1 | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  2 | 1.49 | (0.72, 3.07) |  |  |  |  |
  3 | 2.42 | (1.16, 5.05) |  |  |  |  |
  4 | 2.68 | (1.30, 5.55) |  |  |  |  |
  5 | 1.63 | (0.76, 3.48) |  |  |  |  |
  6 | 0.85 | (0.40, 1.80) |  |  |  |  |
  7 | 1.28 | (0.63, 2.58) |  |  |  |  |
  8 | 2.08 | (1.02, 4.22) |  |  |  |  |
  9 | 0.35 | (0.15, 0.78) |  |  |  |  |
  10 | 0.51 | (0.22, 1.14) | <0.001 |  |  |  |
Socioeconomic status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Bottom 40% | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Middle 40% | 0.71 | (0.49, 1.02) |  |  |  |  |
  Top 20% | 0.77 | (0.49, 1.19) | 0.159 |  |  |  |
  Meat consumption per week |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  < 1 times | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  1-2 times | 0.99 | (0.66, 1.48) |  |  |  |  |
  3-4 times | 1.26 | (0.75, 2.11) |  |  |  |  |
  > 4 times | 0.81 | (0.45, 1.47) | 0.596 |  |  |  |
Source of drinking water | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Unprotected well, surface water | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Piped water in dwelling | 0.61 | (0.33, 1.14) |  |  |  |  |
  Water tap in yard (shared with neighbours) | 0.53 | (0.25, 1.14) |  |  |  |  |
  Public tap/standpipe | 0.39 | (0.27, 0.55) | <0.001 |  |  |  |
Infection with single or multiple species pathogenic parasited | 1.17 | (0.83, 1.63) | 0.368 | Â | Â | Â |
Salt bought from | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Local shop in village or nearby town | 1.00 | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â |
Wholesale shop | 1.98 | (1.14, 3.43) | Â | 1.65 | (0.90, 3.00) | Â |
  Local market | 1.30 | (0.87, 1.94) |  | 0.96 | (0.58, 1.57) |  |
  Truckseller/across the border | 4.68 | (0.96, 22.85) | 0.015 | 3.02 | (0.55, 16.73) | 0.066 |
Type of salt package | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Box | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Plastic bag with label | 0.66 | (0.37, 1.18) |  |  |  |  |
  Plastic bag without label | 1.02 | (0.51, 2.06) |  |  |  |  |
  Loose | 0.80 | (0.43, 1.48) | 0.268 |  |  |  |
Frequency of buying salt | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Every 1–2 weeks | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Once a month | 1.34 | (0.84, 2.14) |  | 2.89 | (1.01, 8.22) |  |
  Once every 2–3 months | 1.76 | (1.04, 2.98) |  | 2.00 | (0.85, 4.75) |  |
  Once every 6 months or less often | 1.47 | (0.82, 2.64) | 0.195 | 2.26 | (1.01, 5.04) | 0.040 |
Quantity of salt bought last time | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  < 1 kg | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  1 kg | 2.30 | (0.88, 6.03) |  | 2.56 | (0.81, 8.14) |  |
  > 1 kg to 5 kg | 1.58 | (0.72, 3.47) |  | 1.85 | (0.72, 4.73) |  |
  ≥ 5 kg | 2.24 | (1.06, 4.72) | 0.073 | 1.96 | (0.79, 4.87) | 0.128 |
  Storage of salt |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Container with lid | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Container without lid | 1.24 | (0.85, 1.79) |  |  |  |  |
  Leave in bag or packet | 0.67 | (0.22, 2.05) | 0.368 |  |  |  |
Household head has ever heard about iodized salt | 1.26 | (0.53, 3.02) | 0.589 | Â | Â | Â |
Iodization level of salt | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Not iodized | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |  |  |
  Inadequately iodized (< 15 ppm) | 0.56 | (0.38, 0.84) |  | 0.72 | (0.44, 1.17) |  |
  Adequately iodized (≥ 15 ppm) | 0.76 | (0.51, 1.14) | 0.017 | 1.25 | (0.74, 2.11) | 0.055 |
Thyroglobulin concentration | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Tg 4–40 μg/L | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  Tg < 4 μg/L | 1.05 | (0.68, 1.62) |  |  |  |  |
  Tg >40 μg/L | 1.78 | (1.14, 2.81) | 0.039 |  |  |  |
Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  UIC ≥100 μg/L | 1.00 |  |  |  |  |  |
  UIC 50–99 μg/L | 0.71 | (0.44, 1.14) |  |  |  |  |
  UIC <50 μg/L | 1.09 | (0.70, 1.70) | 0.067 |  |  |  |