Insulin resistance and adipokines serum levels in a caucasian cohort of hiv-positive patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy: a cross sectional study

Table 1 Clinical and biological characteristics of study patients by IR

Characteristics	Total patients	Patients without IR (Group 1)	Patients with IR (Group 2)	P
N	89	30 (33.7)	59 (66.3)
Age (years) ^a	28 (22)	20.5 (13)	33 (25)	0.12
Males	51 (57.3)	14 (46.7)	37 (62.7)	0.14
BMI (kg/m ² )	23.6 ± 3.9	22.6 ± 3.8	24.2 ± 3.8	0.3
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	85.7 ± 13.7	82.3 ± 8.6	87.2 ± 15	0.12
Haemoglobin A1c (%)	4.85 ± 0.39	4.82 ± 0.25	4.86 ± 0.43	0.66
Hypertension ^b	23 (25.8)	8 (26.7)	15 (25.4)	1.00
CD4 Tcell (cells/mm ³ ) ^a	440 (402)	525 (470)	428 (370)	0.38
Patients with undetectable HIV viral load	65 (73)	20 (66.7)	45 (76.3)	0.33
Time on antiretroviral therapy (months) ^a	72.5 (95)	80 (120)	70.5 (95)	0.21
Time from HIV diagnosis (months) ^a	80.5 (83)	92 (96)	76 (64)	0.36
Current Protease Inhibitor treatment	65 (73)	23 (76.7)	42 (71.2)	0.58
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	192 ± 38.4	181.9 ± 33	199.6 ± 39.9	0.04*
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	43.9 ± 12.4	42.9 ± 10.5	44.3 ± 13.3	0.53
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	111.87 ± 35.4	107.3 ± 32.7	114.1± 36.8	0.39
Triglycerides (mg/dl) ^a	166 (129)	151.5 (79)	181 (169)	0.04*
Dyslipidemia ^c	71 (79.8)	24 (80)	47 (79.7)	1.00
Hypertriglyceridemia ^d	54 (60.7)	16 (53.3)	38 (64.4)	0.36
Adiponectin (μg/mL) ^a	10.2 (12.5)	16 (28.8)	9.4 (10.7)	0.00*
Leptin (ng/mL) ^a	1.4 (3.6)	1.8 (2.9)	1.3 (4.1)	0.53
Resistin (ng/mL) ^a	5.5 (3.6)	5.2 (5.1)	5.7 (3.4)	0.63
TNF alfa (pg/mL) ^a	10.3 (15.1)	11.9 (16.2)	9.7 (15)	0.62
IL-6 (pg/mL) ^a	26.5 (10.3)	26.6 (23.1)	26.5 (8.4)	0.52

Data are shown as mean ± SD or number (percent).
^a Results presented as median (interquartile range).
^b Hypertension defined as blood pressure ≥130/≥85 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication.
^c Dyslipidemia defined as elevation of one of the following: total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride serum concentrations or a decrease of HDL cholesterol.
^d Hypertriglyceridemia defined as serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl.
* p<0.05 Group 1 vs. Group 2.
p values based on t-test for equality of means or Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.

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