Table 2 Characteristics of women with gestational diabetes divided by quartiles of HOMA-IR

Variables

N = 308

N = 319

N = 316

N = 311

p -Values

0.97

1.59

2.37

4.90

0.34-1.29

1.29-1.92

1.92-2.89

2.89-20.39

Age (years)

M

29.77

29.83

30.17

30.07

0.7378

SD

5.36

4.88

5.28

5.05

Family history of diabetes

N

49

66

74

103

<0.0001

%

17.01

22.68

24.92

36.27

Parity

M

1.98

2.00

1.34

2.01

0.9886

SD

1.16

1.36

0.07

1.34

Gestational age at diagnosis (week)

M

28.28

28.48

28.78

28.04

0.1752

SD

4.30

4.49

3.51

4.68

BMI (kg/m ² )

M

21.61

22.43

24.75

27.39

<0.0001^1vs3

SD

3.25

0.22

4.42

5.12

<0.0001^1vs4

<0.0001^2vs3

<0.0001^2vs4

<0.0001^3vs4

Weight gain during gestation (kg)

M

7.75

8.42

9.12

8.67

0.0058^1vs3

SD

4.42

4.64

5.10

6.03

Insulin (pmol/l)

M

33.3

52.2

73.5

134.6

<0.0001^1vs2

SD

7.98

2.88

12.78

74.58

<0.0001^1vs3

<0.0001^1vs4

<0.0001^2vs3

<0.0001^2vs4

<0.0001^3vs4

HbA _1c (%)

M

5.39

5.41

5.53

5.66

<0.0001^1vs4

SD

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.51

<0.0001^2vs4

HOMA B index

M

490.47

391.52

361.85

468.08

0.0400^1vs3

SD

838.50

30.91

378.98

579.24

Glucose at 0 OGTT (mmol/l)

M

4,72

4.86

4.96

5.36

0.0013^1vs3

SD

0.73

0.65

0.70

0.86

<0.0001^1vs4

<0.0001^2vs4

<0.0001^3vs4

Glucose at 2-h OGTT (mmol/l)

M

8.77

8.69

8.72

8.78

0.7755

SD

0.96

1.01

1.12

1.34

Minimal mean daily dose of insulin (U per day)

M

9.75

14.29

15.08

19.09

0.0017^1vs4

SD

9.43

16.14

15.79

20.80

Maximal mean daily dose of insulin (U per day)

M

19.93

41.02

49.10

59.41

0.0456^1vs2

SD

13.98

35.21

37.42

47.51

0.0011^1vs3

<0.0001^1vs4

Diet + insulin therapy

N

43

71

79

126

<0.0001*

%

13,96

22,26

25,00

40,51