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Table 2 Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of serum prolactin with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus

From: Serum prolactin concentrations as risk factor of metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes?

 

Metabolic syndrome

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

 

Cross-sectional

Longitudinal

Cross-sectional

Longitudinal

 

Age-adjusted model

Multivariable model

Age-adjusted model

Multivariable model

Age-adjusted model

Multivariable model

Age-adjusted model

Multivariable model

Prolactin

Men

per SD increase

0.95 (0.89; 1.02)

0.95 (0.89; 1.01)

1.05 (0.95; 1.15)

1.04 (0.95; 1.14)

0.84 (0.73; 0.96)*

0.83 (0.72; 0.95)*

1.20 (0.98; 1.47)

1.19 (0.96; 1.47)

Quartiles (Q4 Ref.)

        

Q1

1.15 (0.97; 1.37)

1.15 (0.98; 1.35)

0.83 (0.64; 1.06)

0.87 (0.68; 1.10)

1.55 (1.12; 2.13)*

1.55 (1.13; 2.14)*

0.71 (0.41; 1.23)

0.78 (0.45; 1.35)

Q2

1.06 (0.89; 1.28)

1.03 (0.87; 1.22)

0.94 (0.74; 1.19)

0.94 (0.75; 1.18)

1.14 (0.81; 1.61)

1.11 (0.79; 1.56)

0.73 (0.42; 1.26)

0.78 (0.45; 1.33)

Q3

1.04 (0.87; 1.25)

1.02 (0.85; 1.21)

0.91 (0.72; 1.16)

0.94 (0.75; 1.18)

0.92 (0.63; 1.33)

0.92 (0.64; 1.33)

0.76 (0.44; 1.32)

0.72 (0.41; 1.27)

P for Trend

0.104

0.076

0.172

0.276

0.002

0.002

0.253

0.472

 

Women

per SD increase

0.92 (0.85; 1.00)

0.97 (0.90; 1.05)

0.89 (0.79; 1.00)

0.92 (0.83; 1.02)

0.81 (0.68; 0.95)*

0.84 (0.71; 0.98)*

1.09 (0.82; 1.45)

1.13 (0.89; 1.44)

Quartiles (Q4 Ref.)

        

Q1

1.32 (1.04; 1.66)*

1.11 (0.89; 1.39)

1.26 (0.95; 1.68)

1.15 (0.86; 1.53)

1.89 (1.21; 2.96)*

1.70 (1.10; 2.62)*

0.88 (0.44; 1.78)

0.73 (0.37; 1.43)

Q2

1.13 (0.89; 1.44)

1.04 (0.83; 1.32)

1.22 (0.91; 1.63)

1.16 (0.87; 1.54)

1.82 (1.15; 2.86)*

1.69 (1.09; 2.63)*

0.81 (0.39; 1.68)

0.75 (0.37; 1.50)

Q3

1.11 (0.86; 1.44)

1.07 (0.83; 1.32)

0.73 (0.51; 1.04)

0.78 (0.55; 1.11)

1.29 (0.77; 2.16)

1.26 (0.76; 2.09)

1.00 (0.48; 2.06)

1.08 (0.53; 2.20)

P for Trend

0.016

0.399

0.013

0.106

0.001

0.007

0.633

0.224

  1. * p < 0.05; SD, standard deviation. The multivariable model was adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status (three categories), physical activity, educational level (three categories), and alcohol consumption.