Study Label | Cohort Selection (sampling) | Outcome ascertainment* | Adjustments for variables | % lost to follow-up | Definition of hypertriglyceridemia |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acarturk, 2004[13] | not random; all patients admitted for diagnostic coronary angiography | chart review, angiography results | NR | NR | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level |
Bansal, 2007[14] | derived from women health study, previously completed randomized controlled trial of aspirin and vitamin E | chart review, events adjudicated by an end point committee | adjusted for treatment assignment to ASA, vitamin E, beta carotene, age, BP, smoking status, and use of hormone therapy, levels of total cholesterol and HDL-C, history of DM, BMI, high-sensitivity C- reactive protein | 0 | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level |
Barrett-Connor, 1987[15] | random sample | chart review, ICD or billing codes, death certificates | adjust by TG level, age, BP, BMI, smoking habit, DM, family history of heart attack | 0.5% | Compared normal to "borderline HTG", defined as TG between 240-500 mg/dL (2.7-5.65 mmol/L) |
Bass, 1993[16] | subset of female participants in the Lipid Research Clinics' Follow-up Study | chart review, annual checkups | Adjusted for age, HTN, DM, smoking, history of heart disease and estrogen use | NR | Compared TG < 200 mg/dL (< 2.25 mmol/L) to elevated 200 to 399 mg/dL (2.25 to 4.49 mmol/L) and high > 400 mg/dL (> 4.50 mmol/L) |
Bonaventure, 2010[17] | not random and not consecutive: recruited from electoral rolls | Death certificates and autopsy reports, ascertained the same way in cases and controls | medical history of MI, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease, as well as smoking and alcohol consumption status (never, former, current), excess weight, elevated BP, DM, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, low-dose aspirin intake, and lipid-lowering treatment | NR | They compared tertiles or quintiles: TG < 83.4 mg/dL (< 0.94), 84.2-117.8 mg/L (0.95-1.33), and > 118.7 mg/dL (1.34 mmol/L) |
Carlson, 1988[18] | consecutive sample (all patients presenting with HTG) | chart review, ascertained the same way in cases and controls, done without knowledge of patients' TG level | NR | 13.4% | 3 groups according to TG levels. Low = TG < 132.9 mg/dL (1.5 mmol/L), intermediate = TG 132.9-177.2 mg/dL (1.5-2.0 mmol/L), high = TG > 177.2 (2.0 mmol/L). |
Chan, 2005[19] | not random; consecutive patients with type 2 DM, not HPTG | chart review, death registry | Adjusted for sex and age. stepwise linear regression with BMI, WC, HbA1c, FPG and HOMA as independent variables and lipid profile as dependent variable | 0 | Unclear |
Chester, 1995[20] | consecutive sample (all men presenting with HTG and are awaiting routine angioplasty) | chart review, done without knowledge of patients' TG level | The potential predictor variables-that is, risk factors assessed at baseline angiography, for adverse events were analyzed using the multiple logistic regression models. | 2 | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: mmol/L |
Czernichow, 2007[21] | consecutive sample | self report, chart review, ICD or billing codes, ascertained differently: self report in all patients, however if a CVD event was reported -- chart review and ICD billing codes were reviewed for those individuals only | Age | NR | Age-adjusted relative risk correlate to one standard deviation increase in TG levels |
Drexel, 2005[22] | consecutive sample | follow up investigation after 2.3 years, Time and causes of death were obtained from national surveys, hospital records | age, sex, and use of lipid-lowering medication | 0 | Unclear |
Eberly, 2003[23] | not random; likely consecutive sample: 2863 men with both nonfasting and fasting TG levels measured at screens 1 and 2 | self report, chart review, ICD or billing codes, death certificates | age, lipids subfractions, glucose level, BP, cigarettes smoked per day, alcohol use, BMI and race | 0 | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: mg/dL |
Egger, 1999[24] | not random; likely consecutive sample: Participants of the Caerphilly Heart Disease Study | self report, chart review, ICD or billing codes | age, all three lipid factors, laboratory error and within person variation, blood glucose and diastolic BP, BMI, smoking and markers for pre-existent disease | 12.5 | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: mmol/L |
Ellingsen, 2003[25] | not random; likely consecutive sample: 1232 healthy men with elevated cholesterol or coronary risk score included in the study from a pool of 16202 screened men | chart review, ICD or billing codes, ascertained the same way in cases and controls | adjusted for age, BMI, cigarette smoking, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, BP, dietary score, alcohol intake, and activity level | 0 | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: high TG > or = 178.1 mg/dL (2.01 mmol/L) |
Gaziano, 1997[26] | not random, likely consecutive sample: Men/women < 76 yrs. age with no prior history of CAD discharged from one of 6 Boston area hospitals with the diagnosis of confirmed MI | chart review, medical exam/lab analysis, ascertained differently: cases were interviewed 8 weeks after MI | Adjusted for age, sex, history of HTN, history of DM, body mass index, type A personality, family history of previous MI, alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking, caloric intake | 12 | they compared quintiles, highest compared to lowest |
Goldberg, 2009[27] | consecutive sample (all patients presenting with HTG) | chart review, telephone calls, ascertained the same way in cases and controls | A time-to-event regression model was performed to establish the role of baseline lipid subfractions, other metabolic risk factors, lifestyle variables, and demographic characteristics in relation to the development of CAD. | 3.8 | high triglyceride level > = 248.1 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L) |
Habib, 2006[28] | Data from the United States Renal Data System database collected during the prospective Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study Wave 2 study | chart review | age, gender, race, weight, height, primary cause of ESRD, hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum calcium phosphate product, serum bicarbonate, residual kidney creatinine clearance, PD parameters (dialysate effluent volume, dialysis creatinine clearance, D/P creatinine ratio after a 4 h dwell), use of lipid-modifying medications and comorbidity characteristics | 0 | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: HR is using a reference of TG levels 200-300 mg/dl (2.2-3.4 mmol/L) |
Haim, 1999[29] | not random; likely consecutive sample | chart review, ICD or billing codes | age, previous MI, DM, NYHA class, HTN, LDL cholesterol, glucose, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, angina pectoris, smoking, and lipids | 0.37 | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: mg/dL |
Hoogeveen, 2001[30] | Random sample | chart review, clinical exam and investigations, ascertained the same way in cases and controls | Logistic regression applied but no specific adjustments are mentioned | 12 | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: 10 mg/dL (0.11 mmol/L) |
Jonsdottir, 2002[31] | not random; likely consecutive: subjects of the Reykjavik Study | self report, chart review, ICD or billing codes | age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, body mass index and BP | 0.6 | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: mmol/L |
Lamarche, 1995[32] | random sample | chart review, Examination/EKG/death certificate | Adjusted for age, systolic BP, DM, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use | 27 | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: TG > 203.8 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L) |
Lloret Linares, 2008[33] | not random and not consecutive: Patients referred by their general practitioner or general hospital for very high TG levels to Endocrinology Dept. between 2000 and 2005 | self report, chart review | Adjusted for age at hospitalization | NR | TG: lowest 95.1-180 mg/dL (1.1-2.0 mmol/L) vs. highest 360-1505 gm/dL (4.1-17 mmol/L). |
Lu, 2003[34] | not random; likely consecutive: cohort chosen from the strong heart study to include only DM, no baseline CVD | through death certificates and tribal and Indian Health Service hospital records and by direct contact of study personnel with the study participants and their families | Adjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, study center, systolic BP, HbA1c, fibrinogen, insulin, and ratio of albumin to creatinine | 0 | They compared tertiles or quintiles: TG: lower < 111; 111- 175; higher > 175 mg/dL (lower < 1.2; 1.2-2.0; higher > 2.0 mmol/L) |
Malone, 2009[35] | Not random; likely consecutive: Retrospective data from 3 integrated health-care systems that systematically collect and store detailed patient-level data. | Chart review, ICD or billing codes | Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status and site | N/A | lower/normal TG - 80.0 mg/dl (0.9 mmol/L); higher TG - TG = 217.4 mg/dl (2.4 mmol/L) |
Mazza, 2005[36] | random sample | chart review, ICD or billing codes, through the Register Office, general practitioners | Gender, age, DM, obesity, lipids subfractions, serum uric acid, BP, smoking, alcohol and proteinuria | 0 | They compared tertiles or quintiles: TG: First (low) < 97.5 mg/dL (1.01 mmol/L); Fifth (high) > = 156.8 mg/dL (1.77 mmol/L) |
Mora, 2008[37] | Random sample enrolled in the Women's Health Study | Follow-up questionnaires every 6- 12 months | Adjusted for age, randomized treatment assignment, smoking status, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, BP, DM, and BMI | NR | They compared tertiles or quintiles: TG: First (low) < 89.5 mg/dL (1.01 mmol/L); Fifth (high) > = 180.7 mg/dL (2.04 mmol/L) |
Noda, 2010[38] | not random and not consecutive: death related to a MI defined a case, then 2 controls were selected randomly matched by age | Death registration from 1997-2000, done without knowledge of patients' TG level, ascertained the same way in cases and controls | Adjusted for age and 6 risk factors for MI | NR | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: High TG > = 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmoml/L) |
Rubins, 1999[39] | not random and not consecutive: to obtain population with appropriate lipid levels, a multi stage screening method that included two lipid profiles obtained one week apart | chart review, clinical and radiologic data, ascertained the same way in cases and controls | Adjustment for baseline variables in the Cox models had a trivial effect on the estimates of the hazard ratios | 2.3% | Two groups: TG < 150 mg/dl (1.7 mmol/L) and TG > 150 mg/dl (1.7 mmol/L) |
Samuelsson, 1994[40] | random sample | chart review | traditional risk factors, end-organ damage status | NR | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: RR reported for every 88.6 mg/dL (1 mmol/L) increase in TG level |
Schupf, 2005[41] | random sample | self report, chart review, interviewing relatives | Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and level of education, for BMI or APOE; a history of HTN, DM, heart disease, stroke, or cancer; or current smoking | 0 | They compared tertiles or quintiles: Lowest - < = 98.9 mg/dl (1.1 mmol/L), highest - > 191.2 mg/dl (2.1 mmol/L); RR compared the lowest quartile to the highest quartile. |
Sprecher, 2000[42] | not random; likely consecutive: diabetic patients undergoing primary isolated CABG between 1982 and 1992 at Cleveland Clinic | chart review, clinical exam, labs and CVIR (Cardiovascular Information Registry) | age, sex, left ventricular function, coronary anatomy, history of HTN, BMI, and total cholesterol | NR | highest quartile compared to lower three quartiles (normal) |
Tanko, 2005[43] | not random and not consecutive: recruited via a questionnaire surveys | self report, chart review: Central Registry of the Danish Ministry of Health | Adjusted for age, smoking, and LDL-C), waist circumference | NR | TG value in the blood was used as a continuous number (variable). Here OR expresses increased risk per unit of serum TG level: presented as 2 cutoffs - > 128.5 mg/dL (1.45 mmol/L) - > 149.7 mg/dL (1.69 mmol/L) |
Tsai, 2008[44] | not random; likely consecutive: civil servants and teachers who took the annual physical examination at the Taipei Outpatient Center | chart review, annual exam, national death files | Adjusted for age, gender, fasting glucose, BP, BMI, smoking | NR | They compared tertiles or quintiles: TG normal < 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L, abnormal 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)-199 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L), and high abnormal > 200 mg/dL (2.25 mmol/L) |
Upmeier, 2009[45] | not random and not consecutive: mailed invitation to participate to all residents of Turku born in 1920 | Self report, chart review, ICD or billing codes | Adjusted for gender, body mass index, smoking and any history of angina pectoris, stroke, DM, and HTN | NR | They compared TG level quartiles, highest to lowest |
Valdivielso, 2009[46] | not random; likely consecutive | Chart review and self report | age, sex, smoking, HTN, DM, and lipids fractions | NR | Categorized as normal when TG was < 150 mg/dL (< 1.69 mmol/L); the remainder were considered to be HTG |
Wier, 2003[47] | not random; likely consecutive | chart review, done without knowledge of patients' TG level | age, time of resolution of symptoms, smoking, BP, presence of atrial fibrillation and hyperglycemia | 0 | They compared tertiles or quintiles: TG, mmol/l: < = 0.9; 1.0-1.3; 1.4-1.8; > = 1.9. Mg/dL: < = 79.7; 88.6-115.2; 124.0-159.5; > = 168.3 |