Table 4 Vital status 5 years after diabetes diagnosis and Cox models in a sub-group of healthy^a patients

Sex

Women

294 (49)

39 (39)

1

1

1

Men

301 (51)

62 (61)

1.96 (1.30-2.94)**

2.32 (1.29-4.19)**

2.23 (1.25-3.99)**

Age at diabetes diagnosis (years)

61.1 (51.8-70.0)

71.5 (62.9-77.4)

0.95 (0.85-1.08)

0.81 (0.70-0.93)**

0.81 (0.70-0.93)**

Living alone

No

421 (73)

60 (63)

1

1

1

Yes

157 (27)

36 (38)

0.87 (0.55-1.36)

1.04 (0.57-1.90)

1.03 (0.57-1.87)

Education

Higher

139 (24)

14 (15)

1

1

1

Basic

429 (76)

77 (85)

1.26 (0.70-2.25)

1.48 (0.73-3.02)

1.50 (0.74-3.05)

Diagnostic plasma glucose (mmol/l)^c

13.7 (10.8-17.1)

14.7 (10.9-17.9)

1.26 (0.71-2.23)

1.15 (0.60-2.20)

1.17 (0.61-2.25)

Fasting triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.87 (1.30-2.87)

1.88 (1.37-2.83)

1.04 (1.00-1.07)*

0.99 (0.89-1.10)

1.00 (0.90-1.10)

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

6.2 (5.5-7.1)

6.1 (5.1-7.1)

0.99 (0.88-1.13)

1.00 (0.82-1.23)

1.00 (0.81-1.22)

Urinary albumin (mg/l)^{a c}

10.5 (5.3-21.7)

12.6 (7.2-28.7)

1.16 (0.97-1.40)

1.05 (0.84-1.32)

1.06 (0.85-1.32)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

29.1 (26.0-33.2)

28.4 (26.3-31.5)

1.00 (0.96-1.04)

1.00 (0.94-1.05)

1.00 (0.95-1.05)

Resting heart rate (beats/min)^d

76 (68-80)

76 (72-84)

1.20 (1.01-1.42)*

1.03 (0.83-1.27)

1.02 (0.83-1.27)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)^d

150 (130-160)

155 (140-170)

1.06 (0.96-1.17)

1.12 (1.00-1.26)

1.13 (1.00-1.27)*

Physical activity

Active

476 (83)

61 (64)

1

1

1

Sedentary

100 (17)

35 (36)

1.75 (1.13-2.71)*

1.53 (0.87-2.68)

1.66 (0.97-2.86)

Smoking

Never

193 (34)

33 (34)

1

1

1

Former

180 (32)

25 (26)

1.08 (0.64-1.83)

0.94 (0.48-1.81)

0.94 (0.49-1.82)

Current

192 (34)

38 (40)

1.93 (1.18-3.16)**

1.58 (0.84-2.98)

1.59 (0.86-2.97)

Self-rated health ^{e f}

Excellent

95 (16)

6 (6)

1

1

Good

229 (40)

34 (35)

1.43 (0.72-2.85)

2.16 (0.82-5.69)

Fair

226 (39)

47 (50)

1.69 (0.87-3.27)

2.30 (0.87-6.05)

Poor/Very poor

29 (5)

9 (9)

2.30 (0.94-5.61)

2.10 (0.58-7.57)